Fig. 4

A, B, and C Gross images and D and E scanning electron micrographs of the gills of the dusky grouper fish. A Lateral view image of the dusky grouper fish. B Rostral view to the gills chamber. C Lateral view of the 1st and 2nd gill arch. D and E SEM images of the medial and dorsal view of the 1st gill arch. (A1, A2, A3, and A4) 1st–4th gill arches, long gill rakers (R1), short gill rakers (R2), accessory gill rakers (Ra), angle of epi-ceratobranchial union (ag), spines (S), solitary spines (So), pavement cells (PC), esophagus (E), microplicae (M), and gill filaments (F)