Fig. 8

Semi-quantitative and quantitative analyses of the histopathological alterations of the digestive gland of Ruditapes decussatus clams after exposure to water-borne bisphenol A (1 and 5 µg/L) for 21 days in comparing with a control group. (A) The semi-quantitative histopathological condition indices (I_h) of the digestive gland and (B) Histomorphometric changes of the lumen and epithelial areas of the digestive gland tubules. Values are represented as mean ± SE; n = 5. Different letters ^{(a, b, and c)} indicate significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) among groups of the same parameter based on a one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey’s HSD test. Treatments vs. control group: * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, and *** p ≤ 0.001