Fig. 5

Average DNA damage by comet assay measured in Ruditapes decussatus cells isolated from digestive gland tissues after 21 days of exposure to water-borne bisphenol A (1 and 5 µg/L) in comparing with a control group. (A) percentage of tailed cells (%), (B) tail length (µm), (C) DNA percentage in the comet tail (%), and (D) tail moment (Arbitrary units). Values are represented as mean ± SE; n = 5. Different letters ^{(a, b, and c)} indicate significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) among groups based on a one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey’s HSD test. Treatments vs. control group: * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, and *** p ≤ 0.001