Fig. 1

Arthropodal food chain, seen from the present study. a) Pictures of representative aphids related to this study, and food relationship among aphids, other herbivorous insects, and predatory arthropods. b) Life cycle of “akatombo” (the red dragonfly; Sympetrum frequens), and its food chain involving aphids. Information related to the individual shot images of Fig. 1 are described in Supplementary Note 1