Fig. 1
From: 3D printed spermathecae as experimental models to understand sperm dynamics in leaf beetles
3D external (blue) and internal (light blue and semi-transparent) morphology of spermathecae. a Scheme of a part of the female reproductive system. bCassida vibex. cAgelastica alni. dGastrophysa viridula. eDonacia crassipes. fCrioceris duodecimpunctata. gCr. asparagi. The position of the gland opening was used to demarcate proximal and distal parts of the spermathecae. The white arrowheads point to the openings of the spermathecal gland, and the black arrowheads denote the openings of the spermathecal duct